What Are the Common Types of Knitted Fabric and Their Applications?

Introduction

Knitted fabric is one of the most versatile and widely used textile types in both fashion and functional applications. Unlike woven fabrics, which are created by interlacing yarns at right angles, knitted fabrics are produced by interlooping yarns. This unique structure gives them excellent stretch, flexibility, and resilience, making them ideal for garments and products that require comfort and mobility.

Knitted fabrics are used in a variety of applications including clothing, sportswear, home textiles, and industrial textiles. Their adaptability arises from the wide range of knitting techniques, fiber types, and stitch patterns, which allow manufacturers to tailor fabric properties to specific needs. Understanding the common types of knitted fabrics and their uses is essential for designers, manufacturers, and consumers who want to select the right fabric for a particular purpose.

What Is Knitted Fabric?

Knitted fabric is formed by interlooping yarns using either hand knitting or machine knitting techniques. This looped structure provides inherent elasticity, allowing the fabric to stretch and return to its original shape without losing structural integrity. There are two primary knitting techniques: weft knitting, in which loops run horizontally, and warp knitting, where loops run vertically.

The choice of fiber—such as cotton, polyester, wool, or blends—combined with knitting technique, determines the fabric’s characteristics, including softness, breathability, stretch, durability, and thermal insulation. Knitted fabrics are ideal for applications that demand comfort and flexibility, such as casual clothing, athletic wear, undergarments, and home furnishings like blankets and upholstery. They can also be engineered for specialized applications, including medical textiles and industrial fabrics, by adjusting fiber composition and knitting patterns.

Common Types of Knitted Fabric

1. Jersey Knit

Jersey knit is the most commonly used single-knit fabric. It has a smooth, flat face on one side and a slightly textured back. Jersey knit is lightweight, soft, and moderately stretchy, making it highly suitable for t-shirts, dresses, and casual wear. The fabric can be made from cotton, synthetic fibers, or blends, and can include spandex for additional stretch.

Jersey knit is valued for its drape and comfort, making it a favorite in fashion and sportswear. Lightweight jersey works well for summer apparel, whereas medium-weight or heavyweight jersey is ideal for sweatshirts and layering garments. The versatility of jersey knit also allows for various printing and finishing techniques, enhancing its aesthetic appeal and functionality in multiple applications.

2. Rib Knit

Rib knit features alternating knit and purl stitches that create vertical ridges. This structure provides excellent elasticity and recovery, making it ideal for cuffs, collars, waistbands, and fitted garments. Rib knit stretches more easily than jersey and retains its shape, which is why it is widely used in activewear, hats, and snug-fitting apparel.

Different rib patterns, such as 1x1 rib or 2x2 rib, influence the thickness and elasticity of the fabric. Rib knit is also suitable for layered clothing, providing a firm yet flexible structure that supports other fabrics while maintaining comfort. Its durability and stretch make it a go-to choice for garments that experience repeated stretching and movement.

3. Interlock Knit

Interlock knit is a double-knit fabric, consisting of two layers of jersey fabric interlocked together. It is smooth on both sides, provides good stability, and has moderate stretch. Interlock knit is commonly used for polo shirts, children’s clothing, and pajamas.

The double-knit structure offers better dimensional stability and durability than single jersey knit, while maintaining softness and comfort. Interlock fabrics are less prone to curling at the edges and are suitable for garments requiring both comfort and a polished appearance. Their resilience and smooth texture make them popular in both casual and formal apparel.

Common Knitted Fabric Types and Their Applications

Other Notable Knitted Fabrics

• Purl Knit: Reversible and elastic, commonly used in scarves, sweaters, and decorative textiles. Its high elasticity allows for comfortable stretch and recovery, making it versatile for creative designs.
• Fleece Knit: Has a brushed surface that traps air, providing warmth and insulation. Ideal for sweatshirts, jackets, and loungewear. Fleece knit combines comfort with functional warmth, making it a favorite for cold-weather apparel.
• Tricot Knit: A warp-knitted fabric with a smooth surface, used in lingerie, sportswear, and swimwear. Its stability, durability, and smooth texture make it suitable for performance and delicate garments.

These varieties demonstrate the flexibility and adaptability of knitted fabrics for different functional and aesthetic purposes. Selecting the right type depends on the intended use, desired stretch, texture, and durability requirements.

Tips for Choosing the Right Knitted Fabric

• Consider the end use: Lightweight jersey for casual wear, fleece for insulation, and interlock for stability.
• Check elasticity and recovery: Rib knits are ideal for fitted garments requiring stretch.
• Evaluate durability: Interlock and tricot knits provide higher stability for long-lasting garments.
• Blend fibers for functionality: Cotton blends enhance comfort, polyester increases durability, and spandex improves stretch.
• Care requirements: Some knits shrink or distort if washed improperly; always follow care instructions.

Selecting the right knitted fabric ensures optimal performance, comfort, and longevity for both garments and home textiles.

FAQ

Q1: What is the difference between jersey and interlock knit?
A1: Jersey knit is single-knit with a smooth face and moderate stretch. Interlock knit is double-knit, smooth on both sides, more stable, and durable.

Q2: Can rib knit be used for full garments?
A2: Rib knit is usually used for cuffs, collars, and fitted areas, but can also be used for entire garments depending on design requirements.

Q3: Are all knitted fabrics stretchy?
A3: Most knitted fabrics have inherent stretch due to the looped structure, but stretch varies by type, stitch, and fiber content.

Q4: How do I care for knitted fabrics?
A4: Wash according to fiber type, ideally in cold water, avoid harsh agitation, and dry flat to maintain shape and elasticity.

Q5: Which knitted fabrics are best for sportswear?
A5: Tricot, rib knit, and fleece are commonly used in sportswear due to their elasticity, moisture management, and comfort.

References

1. Kadolph, S.J. Textiles. Pearson Education, 2017.
2. Tortora, P.G., & Merkel, R.S. Fairchild’s Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Publications, 2009.
3. Textile World. Understanding Knitted Fabric Types and Applications.
4. Fashion Industry Guide. Knitted Fabrics in Apparel and Home Textiles.